Violence in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review of Theoretical Foundations and Implications for Violence Prevention in Healthcare Systems

Abstract

Background: Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a growing occupational health concern affecting healthcare workers worldwide. Exposure to aggression and threats can negatively impact staff wellbeing and the quality of patient care.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to synthesize theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence related to workplace violence in healthcare settings and to examine implications for violence prevention strategies in healthcare systems.

Materials and Method: The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and further refined by Levac and colleagues. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Thai-Journal Citation Index for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers, followed by full-text assessment based on predefined inclusion criteria.

Results: The search identified 1,847 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 16 studies were included in the final synthesis. The literature highlighted several relevant theoretical perspectives, including emotional intelligence, ecological systems theory, and communication-based approaches to conflict management. Empirical findings indicate that workplace violence is shaped by interactions among patient characteristics, staff communication practices, and organizational factors.

Conclusions: Effective violence prevention requires integrated strategies addressing individual competencies, organizational policies, and systemic conditions within healthcare systems.