Complementary Medicine Techniques (Hirudotherapy, Cupping Therapy and Apitherapy) in the Management of Cervical Abscess in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Deep neck abscesses are serious infections, particularly in diabetic patients. Standard treatment involves surgical drainage and antibiotics, which may be challenging in high-risk individuals. This report details an alternative treatment approach using complementary medicine techniques (Hirudotherapy, Cupping Therapy and Apitherapy) for a patient deemed ineligible for surgery.

Methods: A 72-year-old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes presented with a cervical abscess. Following shared decision-making in agreement with the patient’s family, surgical intervention was not undertaken due to the patient’s advanced age and high operative risk. An integrative protocol, including medicinal Medicinal Leech Therapy, cupping therapy, and apitherapy (honey, propolis, and bee venom), was applied. Clinical progression was monitored over 18 days.

Results: The integrative regimen led to complete abscess resolution, reduced inflammation, alleviated neurological symptoms, and restored motor function. No surgical drainage or systemic antibiotic therapy was required. Close monitoring for systemic infection was maintained throughout the treatment.

Conclusions: This case suggests that selected complementary medicine modalities may serve as a feasible alternative option for managing complex deep neck abscesses in carefully selected high-risk patients. Further rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of such integrative protocols.