Study of the chemical composition of the lipophilic extract of fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm.

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the changes in the chemical composition of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus depending on the growth stage of the fungi. The fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus of the Euromycel PL132 tile variety were used as the object of the study. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the lipophilic fraction were investigated by gas chromato-mass spectrometry. There was a gradual decrease in the amount of squalene and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from young to overripe fungi. Young fungi have a high content of the phytohormone gibberellin A3, which is not found in mature and overripe fungi. At the same time, overripe fungi have 18% of ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, whose precursor is squalene. No fatty acids were detected in young fungi. They occur in mature fungi, and their content, in particular palmitic, stearic and linolenic acids, increases from mature to overripe fruiting bodies of fungi. At the same time, the yield of lipophilic extract from wild mushrooms is five times higher than that of the cultivated ones (0.98% against 0.14–0.35%). This extract is characterized by the presence of vitamin E and is characterized by a high content of squalene, linolenic acid and ergosterols. It was determined that the range of chemicals increases with the growth of mushrooms and decreases with their aging.